lsass
Hello All,
Hope this post finds you in good health and spirit.
Local Security Authority Subsystem Service
The process known as Local Security Authority Server Service (LSASS) in Microsoft Windows operating systems is in charge of executing the security policy to the system. It manages password updates, validates users logging onto a Windows machine or server, and generates access tokens.It also writes to the Windows Security Log.
The file is used to enforce security policies, therefore it’s associated with things like password updates and login verifications. It is permanently placed in the \Windows\System32\ folder.
C:\Windows\System32\
Although malware has been known to either hijack the genuine lsass.exe file or appear to be it in order to trick you into allowing it to execute, the file is crucial for normal Windows functions and shouldn’t be interfered with.
System hardening and coordinated threat prevention to secure the LSASS process
Such attempts can be found by Microsoft Defender for Endpoint’s market-leading defensive capabilities. In order to protect Windows 11, we’ve also included additional security measures, such as the default activation of Credential Guard and PPL for the LSASS process.
Yet tests like this one from AV-Comparatives complement threat research and monitoring since they give security companies new information and chances to develop their products. To assess the level of security offered by the LSASS ASR rule, MS teams ran all of these test scenarios through an internal test in-house.
We’re delighted to inform that the ASR rule alone was able to successfully block all of the tried-and-true methods. To prevent user-mode LSASS credential dumping attacks, our clients may utilise the LSASS ASR rule, a simple yet effective security measure.
So, as an additional layer of security for the LSASS procedure, Defender customers should enable this ASR rule in addition to tamper protection. The following actions can also be taken by Windows administrators to further harden the LSASS procedure on their devices:
Activate PPL for the LSASS process;
Take notice that this is currently active by default for fresh installations of Windows 11 for businesses (22H2 upgrade).
Turn on Windows Defender Credential Guard;
Enterprises utilising Windows 11 Enterprise version now have it turned on by default.
Enable the Remote Desktop Protocol’s limited admin mode (RDP)
In WDigest, uncheck “UseLogonCredential.” Lastly, users of Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) can adhere to the following guidelines for securing their environments.
Recommended perfmon counters on domain controllers
Today we are going to explain about active directory performance counter. How we can monitor the LDAP connections LADP bind time and more about active directory database performance including domain controller’s performance.
Why I am writing this article? I am writing this because of one incident occurred in my organization that was related to LDAP utilization as number of ldap connections were coming to our domain controllers. I also saw around 18 thousands unknown connections that were not part of any subnets which are registered in active directory.
There were two big tasks for my team to get these ip addresses details as well troubleshoot the ldap utilization issue.i will explain in next article how we have found these unknown ip addresses ldap connections. This issue occurred for one of critical trading site.
For this trading site there are 27 domain controllers are being used. Two domain controllers were generating the high utilization out of 27 domain controllers as per network team graph. This was also surprising for us how domain controller could generate the high utilization.
Domain controllers do not generate any utilization, DCs acknowledge and respond each and every LDAP request that comes to domain controllers. This is happening as per active directory mechanism.
Due to high utilization, card related transaction was impacted and business chased active directory team to check these domain controllers. I had attended the MI call and shared the domain controller’s health check reports as well currents user’s details with client technical team But I forgot to share the performance report with client. But client technical team was not happy with this report and asked to analyses the issue deeply and also others team checking the issue.
In my organization, We are following the Microsoft baseline guideline. It has already configured and scheduled on all domain controllers that monitor the LDAP connections LADP bind time as well others things monitoring. We did not see any issue on domain controllers end and also saw the normal LDAP utilization. We had generated the 3-4 day’s LDAP dump and shared with client technical team that clearing showing LDAP connection and bind time as per below snapshot.
This issue was also checked by Microsoft and Microsoft did not find anything that cause high utilization at domain controllers end. Microsoft active directory team also impressed from us when they saw these performance counter. As per MS, few companies are following these active directory performance counter for domain controllers. Come to this article
So today I will share the active directory performance counter details which is very important for active directory to capture each and every LDAP related activity as well DS Directory Reads/writes and also Active directory related counters.
In troubleshooting server performance, there’s a standard set of objects, including processor, Logical Disk, Server, Memory, System and so on. However, there’s an NTDS object that provides us with relevant AD counters such as DRA, Kerberos, LDAP and even NTLM-related counters. In addition, we can collect valuable AD data by monitoring the LSASS process. I recommend enabling the following:
\NTDS\ATQ Threads LDAP \NTDS\ATQ Threads Total \NTDS\DS Directory Reads/sec \NTDS\DS Directory Searches/sec \NTDS\DS Directory Writes/sec \NTDS\DS Threads in Use \NTDS\DS Directory Reads/sec \NTDS\DS Directory Searches/sec \NTDS\DS Directory Writes/sec \NTDS\DS Threads in Use \DirectoryServices(NTDS)\LDAP Client Sessions \Process(lsass)\% Processor Time \DirectoryServices(NTDS)\LDAP Active Threads \DirectoryServices(NTDS)\SAM Enumerations/sec \DirectoryServices(NTDS)\SAM GC Evaluations/sec
In this article, I will explain about LDAP client session and LDAP bind time only because both are very important for active directory.
We can monitor LDAP queries through these performance counters. LDAP Client Sessions: This is the number of sessions opened by LDAP clients at the time the data is taken. This is helpful in determining LDAP client activity and if the DC is able to handle the load.
Of course, spikes during normal periods of authentication — such as first thing in the morning — are not necessarily a problem, but long sustained periods of high values indicate an overworked DC. LDAP Bind Time:
This is the time in milliseconds needed to complete the last successful LDAP binding. Documentation says that this should be “as low as possible,” but if you run the perfmon output through the Performance Analyzer of Logs (PAL) tool, it will flag 15 milliseconds as a warning threshold and 30 milliseconds as an error threshold. The fix is more resources: processor, memory and so on.
(Note: PAL is an excellent performance-analysis tool, and is available online.) In diagnosing the LSASS process, as in any performance analysis, a baseline must be established. A note on Microsoft’s DS blog indicates that if a baseline is not available, use 80 percent.
That is, the LSASS counters shouldn’t indicate more than 80 percent consumption. Above 80 percent consumption indicates an overload condition, which could be a high LDAP query demand or general lack of server resources. The resolution is to increase resources or reduce demand, but be advised this has the potential to cause a performance hit in the domain.
If you really want to solve your LSASS resource issues, put your DCs on x64 platforms with several processors and 32GB of RAM. You might be surprised at how much memory LSASS really can use.
So, that’s all in this blog. I will meet you soon with next stuff .Have a nice day !!!
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