Schema Master
Schema Master
The schema master domain controller controls all updates and modifications to the schema. Once the Schema update is complete, it is replicated from the schema master to all other DCs in the directory. To update the schema of a forest, you must have access to the schema master. There can be only one schema master in the whole forest.You can also transfer this role to any of domain controller in forest. 
What happens when Schema Master is not available
As there is no impact on users directly because users do not need it. Only admins need this FSMO to extend the AD schema.If schema master role is not available or down, you cannot extend the AD schema to support your custom extensions or other extensions to support other (Microsoft) products (e.g. Exchange, OCS/Lync, etc). These activities are not done on a day to day basis, so relatively speaking it is not critical when its not available. So, that’s all in this blog. I will meet you soon with next stuff .Have a nice day !!!
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